To get the most gas possible, after drilling a hole, energy companies line the hole with materials meant to keep the gas in. Next, they send electric charges down the well, which affect the rock around it.
After the charges are set off, a highly-pressurized liquid fracking solution is sent down the well. This solution breaks up the rocks, releasing the natural gas. Since the gas is lighter than the fracking solution, it rises to the top of the well for capture.
While this sounds easy enough, there are still some controversies surrounding natural gas drilling. An absorption chiller uses a refrigerant, absorbent and heat to create a cooling effect. Simply put, the cooling effect is accomplished with the removal of heat through evaporation of a fluid refrigerant at low pressure and the rejection of heat through the condensation of a fluid refrigerant at a higher pressure.
We use natural gas as a fuel and to make materials and chemicals. Over time, these layers were buried under sand, silt, and rock. Pressure and heat changed some of this carbon and hydrogen-rich material into coal, some into oil petroleum , and some into natural gas. In some places, natural gas moved into large cracks and spaces between layers of overlying rock.
The natural gas found in these types of formations is sometimes called conventional natural gas. In other places, natural gas occurs in the tiny pores spaces within some formations of shale, sandstone, and other types of sedimentary rock. This natural gas is referred to as shale gas or tight gas , and it is sometimes called unconventional natural gas.
Natural gas also occurs with deposits of crude oil, and this natural gas is called associated natural gas. Natural gas deposits are found on land, and some are offshore and deep under the ocean floor. A type of natural gas found in coal deposits is called coalbed methane. Click to enlarge. The search for natural gas begins with geologists who study the structure and processes of the earth. They locate the types of geologic formations that are likely to contain natural gas deposits. Geologists often use seismic surveys on land and in the ocean to find the right places to drill natural gas and oil wells.
Seismic surveys create and measure seismic waves in the earth to get information on the geology of rock formations. Seismic surveys on land may use a thumper truck , which has a vibrating pad that pounds the ground to create seismic waves in the underlying rock. Sometimes small amounts of explosives are used.
Seismic surveys conducted in the ocean use blasts of sound that create sonic waves to explore the geology beneath the ocean floor.
If the results of seismic surveys indicate that a site has potential for producing natural gas, an exploratory well is drilled and tested. The results of the test provide information on the quality and quantity of natural gas available in the resource. If the results from a test well show that a geologic formation has enough natural gas to produce and make a profit, one or more production or development wells are drilled.
Natural gas wells can be drilled vertically and horizontally into natural gas-bearing formations. Recreational vehicle owners are one example of this type of customer. Ammonia refrigeration has no moving mechanical parts, and the refrigerator works the same way no matter the fuel source. The first phase of an ammonia refrigerator is a boiler, which requires a heat source to warm the water and ammonia mixture inside. Natural gas, propane, butane or kerosene fires a burner, while electricity powers a heating element.
Since ammonia boils at a lower temperature than water, much of the ammonia enters a gaseous state, which moves on to the next unit in the process. Meanwhile, water and the little ammonia still in a liquid state drop back into the boiler. Ammonia vapors enter a condenser, which is equipped with fins and coils that help cool the vapor.
Since the ammonia has lost all the water with which it had mixed in the boiler, the remaining compound is dry, pure ammonia.
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