The tetanus shots are safe and effective at preventing tetanus. Vaccines like any medicine, can have side effects. These are usually mild and go away on their own. The side effects that do occur are usually mild, and may include:. To prevent fainting and injuries related to fainting, adolescents should be seated or lying down during vaccination and remain in that position for 15 minutes after the vaccine is given.
Tetanus is a serious disease caused by a toxin poison made by bacteria. It causes painful muscle stiffness and can be deadly. When the tetanus bacteria invade the body, they produce a poison toxin that causes painful muscle contractions. Tetanus is very dangerous. It can cause breathing problems, muscle spasms, and paralysis unable to move parts of the body.
It can take months to recover fully from tetanus. A child might need weeks of hospital care. The diphtheria and tetanus toxoid components of these vaccines work well for people who receive the primary series. The primary series is three doses for people 7 years or older and four doses for children younger than 7. The vaccines protect:. In studies showing how well the whooping cough component works for children who get all five doses, DTaP fully protects:.
In studies showing how well the whooping cough component works when women get Tdap during pregnancy, the vaccine protects:.
In general, diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough vaccines work well, but cannot prevent all cases of these serious diseases. Below is information about how well each of the vaccines work against each disease. Diphtheria was once a major cause of illness and death among children. The United States recorded , cases of diphtheria in , resulting in 15, deaths.
Starting in the s, diphtheria rates dropped quickly in the United States and other countries that began widely vaccinating. However, the disease continues to play a role globally. In , countries reported more than 16, cases to the World Health Organization, but many more cases likely go unreported. Studies estimate that diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccines protect nearly all people 95 in for approximately 10 years.
Protection decreases over time, so adults need to get a Td or Tdap booster shot every 10 years to stay protected. The United States introduced the first tetanus-toxoid containing vaccine into the routine childhood immunization schedule in the late s. At that time, states reported between and cases each year. Tetanus infections steadily declined after the vaccination recommendation. Today, tetanus is uncommon in the United States, with an average of 30 reported cases each year.
Studies estimate that tetanus toxoid-containing vaccines protect essentially all people for approximately 10 years. Whooping cough vaccines became widely available in the s. Before then, about , children got sick and about 9, died from whooping cough each year in the United States. After vaccine introduction, whooping cough cases reached an all-time low in the s.
Since then, there has been a slow but steady increase in reported whooping cough cases. There are several reasons likely contributing to this increase:. Top of Page Related Pages. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link.
CDC is not responsible for Section compliance accessibility on other federal or private website. Cancel Continue. CDC routinely recommends DTaP at 2, 4, and 6 months, at 15 through 18 months, and at 4 through 6 years.
CDC routinely recommends Tdap for children ages 7 through 10 years who are not fully vaccinated see note 1 against pertussis: Single dose of Tdap for those not fully vaccinated see note 1 or If additional doses of tetanus and diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccines are needed, then children aged 7 through 10 years should be vaccinated according to the catch-up schedule , with Tdap preferred as the first dose. A vaccine called Tdap the booster shot should be given at ages 11 to 12, and to older teens and adults who haven't yet had a booster with pertussis coverage.
This is especially important for adults who will be around newborn babies, such as grandparents or other caregivers. Then, boosters are recommended every 10 years with either Tdap or Td only tetanus and diphtheria. Pregnant women should get the Tdap vaccine in the second half of each pregnancy, even if they've been vaccinated in the past. People who get a deep cut or severe burn need to get a dose of Tdap or Td to prevent tetanus infection.
Use of the DTaP vaccine has virtually eliminated diphtheria and tetanus in childhood and has greatly reduced the number of pertussis cases. The vaccine can cause mild side effects: fever ; mild crankiness; tiredness; loss of appetite; and tenderness, redness, or swelling in the area where the shot was given.
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